The History of Altoona, Pennsylvania: From Railroad Hub to Modern City
Altoona, Pennsylvania has a rich and fascinating history rooted in transportation, industry, and community growth. Located in central Pennsylvania, Altoona rose to prominence in the 19th century as a major player in the American railroad industry. Today, it continues to honor its past while embracing a future built on education, healthcare, and regional development. Here's a closer look at the history of Altoona, PA and how it became one of the most historically significant cities in the state.
The Founding of Altoona and Its Early Growth
Altoona was founded in 1849 by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. The location was strategically chosen due to its proximity to the Allegheny Mountains and its potential as a base for railroad construction and maintenance. The city’s name is believed to have come from the Cherokee word “Allatoona,” meaning “high lands of great worth,” though the exact origin remains debated.
By the mid-1850s, Altoona became a key railroad town, supporting the construction of the Horseshoe Curve—a groundbreaking piece of rail engineering that allowed trains to navigate the steep terrain of the Alleghenies. This curve, still in operation today, is one of Altoona’s most iconic landmarks and a symbol of the city’s industrial heritage.
Railroad Expansion and Industrial Boom
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Altoona, PA became a powerhouse in the rail industry. The Altoona Works, a massive railroad repair and manufacturing facility, became the largest of its kind in the world. Thousands of workers were employed to build and maintain locomotives, turning Altoona into a thriving industrial city.
The railroad industry not only shaped Altoona’s economy but also influenced its architecture, infrastructure, and population growth. Immigrants from Europe arrived in large numbers, creating a diverse and vibrant community that contributed to the city’s development.
Decline of the Rail Industry and Economic Transition
Like many other American industrial cities, Altoona experienced economic decline in the mid-20th century as railroads lost prominence to automobiles and air travel. The downsizing of the Pennsylvania Railroad and eventual mergers led to job losses and economic shifts. However, the city worked to adapt by diversifying its economy.
In recent decades, Altoona has transitioned into a center for healthcare, education, and retail, with institutions like UPMC Altoona and Penn State Altoona playing key roles in the region’s stability and growth.
Preserving Altoona’s Historical Legacy
Despite industrial changes, Altoona continues to celebrate its railroad legacy. The Railroaders Memorial Museum and Horseshoe Curve National Historic Landmark attract thousands of visitors each year, offering a look into the city's past as a leader in transportation innovation. Historic districts, preserved buildings, and educational programs help keep the story of Altoona alive for future generations.