Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries power many of today’s essential devices, from smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and medical equipment. While they are efficient and widely used, their potential to overheat and explode has led to serious injuries and property damage, sparking a growing number of product liability lawsuits. In Ohio, individuals harmed by defective lithium-ion batteries may have legal grounds to seek compensation under product liability laws. Understanding these laws, the risks associated with these batteries, and the legal avenues available is essential for both consumers and manufacturers.

The Dangers of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Li-ion batteries store a significant amount of energy in a compact space, which makes them highly effective but also potentially hazardous. These batteries can overheat, short-circuit, or combust due to:

• Manufacturing defects – Errors in the production process, such as contaminated battery cells or improperly sealed components, can create dangerous flaws that lead to thermal runaway.
• Design flaws – Poorly designed batteries with inadequate insulation or weak casings may not withstand typical usage conditions, increasing the likelihood of failure.
• Improper usage or charging – Using chargers not specified for a device, exposure to extreme temperatures, or physical damage can increase the risk of an explosion.
• Lack of safety measures – Some low-cost or counterfeit lithium-ion batteries may bypass industry safety standards, making them more prone to overheating.

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and other regulatory bodies have issued numerous recalls of defective lithium-ion batteries in recent years, underscoring the risks they pose. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), lithium-ion batteries were responsible for over 200 fire incidents in the U.S. between 2019 and 2022, with injuries and fatalities reported.

Types of Product Liability Claims in Ohio

Ohio law provides legal recourse for individuals harmed by defective products under Ohio Revised Code (ORC) § 2307.71–2307.80, which governs product liability claims. There are three primary legal theories under which a lithium-ion battery-related lawsuit may be filed:

1. Defective Design

A product may be inherently dangerous due to its design, even if manufactured correctly. If a lithium-ion battery is prone to overheating under normal use conditions, the manufacturer may be held liable. Plaintiffs must demonstrate that an alternative, safer design was feasible without significantly impacting the product’s functionality or cost.

2. Manufacturing Defects

Even if a battery’s design is sound, errors in the production process can introduce defects. A single batch of batteries with a manufacturing flaw—such as internal contamination or weak seals—can cause dangerous malfunctions. Plaintiffs in a lawsuit must show that the defect existed when the product left the manufacturer’s control.

3. Failure to Warn (Marketing Defect)

Manufacturers and sellers must provide adequate warnings and instructions regarding potential risks associated with a product’s use. If a lithium-ion battery lacks clear warnings about overheating risks, proper charging methods, or the dangers of puncturing the casing, a failure-to-warn claim may arise.

Who Can Be Held Liable?

Multiple parties in the supply chain could be held responsible for damages in a lithium-ion battery explosion case, including:

• Battery manufacturers – Companies that produce defective or poorly designed batteries may be directly liable.
• Device manufacturers – If a company integrates lithium-ion batteries into its products without adequate safety precautions, it may share liability.
• Retailers and distributors – Businesses that sell defective batteries or fail to remove recalled products from shelves can also face lawsuits.

In Ohio, product liability claims operate under a strict liability standard, meaning the injured party does not need to prove negligence—only that the product was defective and caused harm.

Statute of Limitations for Product Liability Claims in Ohio

Under ORC § 2305.10, the statute of limitations for product liability claims in Ohio is two years from the date of injury or discovery of the defect. However, Ohio also follows a 10-year statute of repose, meaning claims must be filed within ten years of the product’s sale, regardless of when the injury occurred. There are exceptions, such as cases involving fraudulent concealment or latent defects that only become apparent after extended use.

Potential Damages in a Lithium-Ion Battery Lawsuit

Victims of lithium-ion battery explosions in Ohio may seek compensation for:

• Medical expenses – Emergency care, surgeries, burn treatments, and rehabilitation costs.
• Lost wages and earning capacity – Compensation for time away from work and reduced future income.
• Pain and suffering – Damages for physical pain, emotional distress, and diminished quality of life.
• Property damage – Costs associated with fire damage to homes, vehicles, or personal belongings.
• Punitive damages – If a manufacturer knowingly sold a dangerously defective product, punitive damages may be awarded to deter similar misconduct.

Ohio places a cap on non-economic damages in personal injury cases at $250,000 or three times the economic damages (whichever is greater), with a maximum of $350,000 per plaintiff. However, these caps do not apply in cases involving catastrophic injuries such as severe burns or disfigurement.

Filing a Product Liability Lawsuit in Ohio

If you have been injured due to a defective lithium-ion battery, taking the following steps can strengthen your case:

1. Seek medical attention – Immediate treatment ensures safety and establishes a medical record.
2. Preserve the defective product – Retain the damaged battery, device, and packaging for evidence.
3. Document injuries and damages – Take photos, gather receipts, and keep records of all expenses.
4. Report the incident – Notify the manufacturer and regulatory agencies like the CPSC.
5. Consult a product liability attorney – Legal professionals can evaluate your case and determine the best course of action.

Preventing Lithium-Ion Battery Accidents

While manufacturers bear responsibility for product safety, consumers can take precautions to minimize risks:

• Use manufacturer-approved chargers and avoid counterfeit or uncertified power adapters.
• Do not overcharge devices or leave them plugged in overnight.
• Keep batteries away from extreme heat and direct sunlight.
• Dispose of damaged or swollen batteries at proper recycling facilities rather than in household trash.

Conclusion

Lithium-ion batteries are indispensable in modern technology, but their defects can lead to devastating accidents. Ohio’s product liability laws provide victims with legal options to seek justice and compensation. If you or a loved one has been harmed due to a faulty lithium-ion battery, consulting a skilled attorney can help navigate the legal process and hold negligent manufacturers accountable.

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